Hit the 'Generate Plan' button and the planner will create a meal plan that suits your entered data.Click on the 'Advanced' tab to enter specific macro goals.Choose from options ranging from sedentary to extremely active to best match your daily routine.Weight: Provide your weight in pounds or kilograms. Height: Enter your height in feet and inches or in centimeters.Ħ.Choose your unit system: Imperial or Metric. Getting started with the macro meal planner is straightforward:ģ. Designed for Fitness Professionalsįor those who are in the fitness industry, this planner comes equipped with functionalities that cater specifically to your client's needs, making it an invaluable part of your professional toolkit. Through its advanced options, you can input precise macronutrient goals to ensure the plan meets specific dietary requirements. This tool stands out with its ability to personalize your meal plans. It takes your personal details and generates a diet plan that aligns with your protein, carbohydrate, and fat requirements. The macro meal planner boasts a feature that swiftly calculates your macronutrient needs. Features of the Macro Meal Planner Automatic Macro Calculation One such tool is the customizable macro meal planner that takes into the account your dietary preferences and goals to create a meal plan tailored just for you or your clients. Enter the world of AI-powered tools designed to make this process a breeze. When it comes to meal planning, whether for personal fitness goals or for managing a diet regimen for clients, balancing the macronutrients can be tricky. A Simple Guide to Using an AI-Powered Macro Meal Planner Introduction
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Navigate the risks of the past, test your decision-making prowess, and lead your settlers to triumph in this immersive historical simulation. If your app supports both orientations, then you don't need to declare either feature.#The app uses 802.11 networking (Wi-Fi) features on the device.Step into the shoes of a pioneer and rewrite history in The Oregon Trail 1.2 for Windows. Other.#The app requires the device to use the portrait or landscape orientation. The app uses the device's telephony features, such as telephony radio with data communication services. The app uses 802.11 networking (Wi-Fi) features on the device. HUNTING FOR GOLD AND TRAPPING THE BANDITSĪdditional rewards can be earned by exploring the surrounding area.Īllows an application to read from external storage.Īllows an application to write to external storage.Īllows an application to request installing packages.Īllows using PowerManager WakeLocks to keep processor from sleeping or screen from dimming.Īllows applications to open network sockets.Īllows applications to access information about Wi-Fi networks.Īllows applications to access information about networks.Īllows an application to receive the ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED that is broadcast after the system finishes booting. Great and enjoyable activities that provide great excitement. Moving west into the Old Wild West leads to a new stable settlement.Īdd new buildings to your city, design new ones and grow your population. This app allows you to purchase virtual items within the app and may contain third party advertisements that may redirect you to a third party site. This game may contain third party advertisements that will redirect you to a third party site.įollow us on Twitter at or like us on Facebook at to get more info about all our upcoming titles.Ĭheck out our videos and game trailers on ĭiscover our blog at for the inside scoop on everything Gameloft. Please note this connection is never compulsory to progress through the game. Please note, the size of this required download may change without notice.Ĭertain aspects of this game will require the player to connect to the internet.Ĭertain aspects of this game will require the player to connect to a social network like Facebook. Supported languages: English, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Traditional ChineseĪn additional download of 50 to 150MB is required to play this game. You can restrict in-app purchases by adjusting your User Controls in your Play Store settings. In-app purchases range from $1.99 to $99.99. If you don't have enough virtual currency to buy an item, restore energy, or perform an action, you can choose to earn additional currency gradually over time as you play the game, or purchase additional virtual currency with real money. You will collect virtual currencies called “Coins” and rarer “Cash” as you play which you can use to care for your town or buy in-game items, energy, and resources. The Oregon Trail: American Settler is free to download and play. So go ahead, start playing for free and join the many other players who're already having fun on the frontier! For fans of simulation, farming and tycoon games. √ Visit neighboring villages to gather hearts and use them to grow your village! √ Face the dangers of the Wild West: stampedes, hurricanes and more! √ Go prospectin' to uncover daily rewards √ Play hunting or fishing mini-games for resources √ Customize your character with various outfits √ Place hundreds of buildings, livestock and crops √ Relive memorable moments from The Oregon Trail! √ Create and manage your own frontier town The Oregon Trail: American Settler is a fun and addictive game stocked with heaps of engaging features to keep you entertained for hours and hours! Build the largest and greatest town the Wild West has ever seen! ***** ”Love it! This game is awesome, I remember it as a kid but now it's even better” ***** “Great combination of building, socializing, and side games” You've conquered the trail, now it's time to tame the frontier! Experience the next step in The Oregon Trail story, where you and your family can finally settle down and build a new home in the Wild West… The Oregon Trail: Settler Mod APK 2.9.2 ĭownload Links: The Oregon Trail: Settler Mod APK 2.9.2 Fast Download (16.1 MB) Click here to learn how to use HappyMod to download and install all kinds of file types:xapk, bapk, apks. HappyMod is the best mod downloader for 100% working mods. You can download latest mod version or original version of The Oregon Trail: Settler 2.9.5 with HappyMod. The difference between mod version and original version is: Unconditional use of resources. The Oregon Trail: Settler Mod is a modified version of The Oregon Trail: Settler developed by Gameloft. However, as audiences diversified, TV programming expanded to meet a wider variety of audiences in the 1990s (Schneider 2005 Loving 2009). Given the wide audience, TV programming was censored and programs like “Roots” (1963) and the news documentation of the JFK assassination shocked the nation (Kissler 1997). The most popular TV shows from 1950-1955 were “Leave it to Beaver” and “The Ed Sullivan Show.” Talk shows were introduced in 1962. Due to its popularity and cultural value, television became the single largest source of family entertainment along with the drive-in movie theatre until 1985 (Julian 1984:88). This allowed TV to become a common topic of discussion amongst friends and peer groups,” (Stemmer 2000:325). Americans shared a cultural capital in that everyone owned a television and everyone watched the same shows each evening with their own family. Content was streamlined everyone in America was watching the same material at the same time. For the first ten years of TV in America, there were only six channels and few content options. TVs were typically no larger than 20 inches wide and were square in shape and design (Marcus 2015). The majority of American families owned one television set by 1965. Television was first introduced into American families in the late 1950s. Since the 1960s, American viewers have incrementally increased their television viewing time. This also helps you to see which authors you refer to, thus avoiding plagiarism.Divide your page/word document by each paragraph so that you stay focused on one topic your essay will stay coherent and well-organized this way.Now that you have a thorough and detailed outline, you can start the writing process.Using your annotated bibliography, write sentences in your own words or use direct quotations from the source and put them in your outline to fit the topic sentences.This is a great place to include direct quotations.Write the author and year (and possibly page number).Organize your sources based on the headings of each paragraph.You’ve done research and you will continue to find sources.Write down the chief takeaway your readers should get from each paragraph.Make sure your topic sentences are strong and apply to your entire paragraph.Here’s what you can do using the hard work you’ve already done. Also, you should have a list of resources with annotations as well. You’ve written an outline for your paper – now what? Ideally, you’ll have written an outline that includes headings and topic sentences. Obkio is a simple Network Monitoring and Troubleshooting SaaS solution designed to monitor end-to-end network performance from the end-user perspective. Ready to supercharge your network stability? Look no further than Obkio's Network Performance Monitoring tool. It's not just about fixing problems it's about staying ahead of them, ensuring your network is a reliable ally in the success of your organization. It equips you with the tools and information needed to keep your network in top-notch shape, ready to handle whatever challenges the digital world throws at it. In a nutshell, network stability testing is your superhero cape. This knowledge empowers you to make informed decisions about upgrades, optimizations, or changes to ensure your network remains robust and resilient. By regularly subjecting your network to stability tests, you gain insights into its performance under various conditions. Network stability tests allow you to identify potential weaknesses, vulnerabilities, or bottlenecks in your network infrastructure before they escalate into major issues.įor network administrators, knowledge is power. Think of it as your proactive measure to prevent disasters before they strike. Now, let's talk about why network stability testing is your secret weapon as a network admin. In essence, a stable network is like a well-tuned engine that operates smoothly, consistently delivering data with minimal delays and interruptions. This resilience is achieved through effective network design, robust hardware, and, importantly, proactive network management practices. Without Significant Performance Degradation:Įven under high loads or demanding conditions, a stable network maintains its performance levels without a noticeable decline in speed or responsiveness. Whether it's a sudden spike in user activity, increased data transfers, or peak usage periods, the network can adapt and efficiently distribute resources to ensure a consistent user experience.Ĥ. Low latency is particularly important for real-time applications, such as video conferencing, online gaming, and other time-sensitive tasks.Ī stable network is capable of handling fluctuations in network traffic without experiencing significant performance degradation. In a stable network, latency is kept low, ensuring that data travels quickly and efficiently between source and destination. Latency refers to the delay or lag in the transmission of data between devices on a network. This characteristic is crucial for businesses and organizations where continuous access to resources and services is essential for smooth operations. So what characterizes a stable network? Let’s look into it:Ī stable network experiences minimal downtime, meaning that the period during which the network is unavailable or inaccessible is kept to a minimum. So, get ready to navigate the intricacies of network stability testing, uncover the best practices, and empower yourself with the insights needed to maintain a robust and resilient digital infrastructure. However, only the best network admins would proactively conduct a network stability test before any failure occurs to assess connection strength, identify errors, and spot potential weak points, preemptively addressing issues before they lead to a system crash. To efficiently troubleshoot and resolve network failures, savvy network admins quickly test the network's stability to pinpoint the source of the issue. In this article, we delve deep into the realm of network stability testing and unravel the intricacies of performing effective network stability tests. The ability to identify potential bottlenecks, optimize performance, and proactively address vulnerabilities is a skill that sets apart seasoned professionals from the rest. For network administrators, ensuring that a network remains robust, resilient, and responsive is not just a priority – it's a mission-critical task. Let's talk about the unsung heroes of the digital world – network administrators. Navigating the Path to Unwavering Network Stability Just paste the link in your browser can go the URL and we will automatically set up the wheel. You can give this link to your friends, family, teachers, co-workers or use it yourself later on. It will show up in the text field underneath the 'Update' button.Įither copy the URL manually or click on the 'Copy wheel' button. Whether you removed the picked entry or not, you can spin again by clicking anywhere.Īs soon as you add new names, words, places, brands and update the wheel a new share URL will be generated.You can choose to remove it from the wheel by using the 'Remove' button. The selected entry will show up on the screen.Searching thousands of records and listings of last names can be arduous, but creatives must choose a surname carefully. Our generator contains thousands of hand-picked surnames for males and females. Simply click on the wheel (it doesn't matter where you click) and it will spin. Our last name generator is a powerful tool for writers, creatives, and those looking to change their surnames. When clicking on it, a new name roulette wheel will be generated. Simply select and remove everything and put your own entries in it.Įach entry should be on a new line or separated by a comma. In the text box, you can edit the words or names that are displayed on the wheel.Scroll down to the 'Edit wheel' section.How to use the wheel should speak for itself, but we've made a quick tutorial. You're living in a dormitory with other students and someone has to clean up the mess.Letting the wheel pick a random destination will make your vacation even more fun and surprising! So you have a hard time deciding which one. However, there are so many spots you want to visit and you can visit them all. A challenge with friends and you want to decide who goes first.There are more examples in which you could use a wheel: How? With this tool! Simply fill in all of your students and let the You don't always have your student list within reach. Who will go first? You can start at the top of your student list, but then the same students always have to start first, plus Fun and useful! Let's say you're a teacher and all of your students You can then choose the one you like the most.This is a picker wheel that spins and picks a random word based on your input. Generate a list of Random Gamertags: If you can't decide on a name, you can click on the "Generate" button to generate a list of random Gamertags. This way, you can make sure that the name is unique and represents your personality. Include certain words or characters in the Gamertag: You can also choose to include certain words or characters in the Gamertag. FanBolt’s last name generator lets you create thousands of cool last name ideas for your characters. This way, you can find the perfect name for your profile. Sometimes, all you need is a little inspiration to come up with the perfect name.Ĭhoose from a list of different categories: The tool allows you to choose from a list of different categories like random, food, animals, chemicals, and more. Generate Gamertags for male and female players: You can use the tool to generate a list of Gamertags for both male and female players. Once you have a list of Gamertags, you can choose the one you like the most and use it for your profile.Ĭreate Gamertags for different gaming platforms: The tool can help you create Gamertags for different gaming platforms like Xbox, PlayStation, Steam, and more. You can also click on the "Reset" button to start from scratch. Select the "Include" option if you want to include certain words or characters in the Gamertag.Ĭlick on the "Generate" button to generate a list of Gamertags. This tool can be useful for various purposes, such as. A wheel of names is a type of random selection tool that allows users to choose a name or a group of names from a list of options. You can choose from options like Vowels as Numbers, Xx.xX, and Silly Numbers. Using a random name generator: there are a number of online tools that can generate random names, such as the 'Fantasy Name Generator' or 'Behind the Name.'. Select the "Extras" you want to include in the Gamertag. You can choose from a list of different categories like random, food, animals, chemicals, and more. Select the type of name you want from the "Mix" drop-down menu. Currently, only English is available but more languages will be added soon. Our last name generator is a powerful tool for writers, creatives, and those looking to change their surnames. By default, the spinwheel will display the most popular names of both male and female. A pop-up box will appear for you to change the name. Select your desired language from the "Language" drop-down menu. To customize the names, just click on the Name Sets button at the top. You can also select "Any Gender" if you want the tool to generate a list of names for both male and female players. The "Any Length" option will work for most other gaming platforms.Ĭhoose your gender. Xbox and PlayStation have different character limits, so make sure to select the correct platform. This makes your character feel like a true mythological warrior meant to roam the lands fighting monsters to survive and succeed. One of the stand out features from T42 is the development of realistic and fantasy style items and weapons. From the more detailed textures to the amazing lighting and liquids appearance, this resource pack is completely redefining your Minecraft gameplay. Thanks to its development at this higher resolution, it provides the HD feeling of Minecraft that many gamers are looking for. This means that gamers need to expect some performance changes due to the higher graphics requirements from the textures, blocks, and intelligent use of shaders. As with similar HD texture-based packs, the T42 resource packs is natively built for the 64x version of Minecraft. The world lighting from this pack is redesigned to be a bit softer and darker at times, but bright when facing the sun on the peaks of mountains and crests of hills. The realistic styling of this resource pack has been made to reflect some of the gaming experiences of classic games with a more frightening aesthetic. When playing with the T42 pack, you will feel like you are roaming through a world designed for this time period. When you think about the mystical historical stories of Ancient Greece or Rome, you might think of the amazing buildings and gods that rule the land. The recommended shaders for the game are PBR which will support iron golems.The T42’s resource pack has been created to provide a level of mythical realism to Minecraft. Therefore it is recommended to install Optifine-HDU-G8 because possibly older versions will not work in the Fresh Animations Resource Pack version 1.2. It also does not require a computer upgrade to enjoy it, but it does require the installation of Optifine for Minecraft. The fantastic animations package works with the random entity and custom entities of Optifine. The fantastic animations resource pack does not require sophisticated computer systems for excellent performance. The resolution of this texture pack is very low, 16×16, although it has HD quality. The only thing this pack does not change is the main gameplay, which remains the same. The graphics are the other thing that changes vanilla Minecraft with the Fresh Animations resource pack. Version 1.2 brings new glow, ghost, pig, and wandering merchant animations.Version 1.1 offers other animations: the zombie villager, the withered skeleton, the creeper, the illusion, the husk, and the skeleton.Version 1.0 offers new animations for villager mobs, witches, evokers, iron golem, vindicators, devastators, and looters.The Fresh Animation Resource Pack currently has three versions available, but new updates are coming.Dynamic inactivity and facial animations, general body movement, and gait fixes were added.The animations added are villagers and witches, a new Vindicator, and Devastator.The installation of this texture pack allows mobs to have a more intelligent behavior. Now they can run, walk or turn around without looking jerky they can jump and perform complex movements.This package provides animations with many characters, such as enemies, to give a touch of realism: This pack is an update for Minecraft from FreshLX. The goal of the Fresh Animations Texture Pack 1.19 has been done, among other things, to improve the mob’s animations. The mobs had a very jerky yet predictable movement the movements were backward, forwards, and sideways. The implementation of this resource pack turns Minecraft into a whole new game full of innovation. The Fresh Animations Resource Pack 1.20.4, 1.20.2 → 1.20 has been created for players already bored of plain and simple animations. This pack has arrived to rekindle players’ love for Minecraft once again. How long does a wire transfer take?ĭomestic wire transfers are often processed within 24 hours while international wire transfers can take between 1-5 business days. Because scammers often use wire transfer scams to target victims, it’s important to avoid giving personal information and bank account details to unfamiliar persons or businesses. After a transfer is complete, the funds are usually available to the recipient for immediate use or withdrawal. If you do notice an error, contact your bank or wire transfer service immediately to see if they can still help you make an adjustment or process a cancellation. Keep in mind that funds are irrevocable in most cases, so it’s important to confirm details such as the recipient’s bank account number and contact information carefully when completing a wire transfer. The recipient’s bank account information and transit number.The recipient’s full name and contact information.The sender’s bank account and transit number.The sender’s full name and contact information. The sender’s valid government-issued photo ID or driver’s license.What information is needed for a wire transfer? Bank and wire transfer services may require: Learn more on how to send domestic and international wires through Chase. You should also avoid wiring money to people or businesses that you are unfamiliar with, especially if you have been asked to do so by suspicious phone calls or emails. To avoid falling victim to wire transfer scams, never provide your bank account details to unfamiliar or suspicious individuals. In most cases, a wire transfer can only be stopped or paused for corrections if a cancellation notice is received before the transfer is complete. If you notice an error (such as an incorrect dollar amount or bank account number) after a transfer is initiated, contact your bank, credit union, or wire transfer service immediately. International wire transfers done through wire transfer services may require additional information as requested by the wire transfer service or may require an international payment network. The recipient is usually contacted by the wire transfer service once the wire transfer is complete. Transfer fees for wire transfers may be based on the outgoing dollar amount, location, and more. Wire transfer services usually require you to pay the funds in person when filling out the request form. You’ll usually need to provide information such as the recipient’s full contact details and bank account information to initiate the transfer. If you are using a wire transfer service, you’ll need to contact the service to find out how their specific wire transfer process works. Contact the receiving bank to get current fee information. Please keep in mind that the receiving bank may also charge a processing fee for wire transfers. International bank transfers may require additional information, may take a few days longer to complete than domestic transfers, and may require a higher wire transfer fee. Transfer fees will vary depending on your bank or credit union, but can usually range between $0-$50. You’ll usually need to provide the recipient’s full name, contact information, and bank account details such as routing and transfer numbers. You can usually initiate a bank-to-bank wire transfer in person at your bank or financial instruction’s local branch or through your online bank account. You can wire money through the following methods: Bank-to-bank wire transfers Before completing a wire transfer, it’s important to consider the ways you can wire money safely, conveniently, and quickly. Wire transfers are commonly done through two methods: bank transfers and wire transfer services. Keep in mind that wire transfers are typically subject to fees and that the funds requested for the wire transfer will leave your account immediately. Transfers can be done both domestically (within the United States) as well as internationally. Wire transfers can make sending money to other people or businesses convenient. There are several methods for wiring money, and you may want to consider each method carefully to find out which type of wire transfer is best for your financial needs or situation. A wire transfer is an electronic payment used to transfer funds between bank accounts. Since Hollow Knight is all about exploring, consider getting deeper into these caverns, make friends, learn the story of the kingdom and the story of the people you meet as well.Īnd that is all you need to know about progression in this Hollow Knight guide. It is only accessible via the dream world by dream nailing the corpse of a Kingsmould with an Awoken Dream Nail. The palace of The Pale King that has mysteriously vanished from the kingdom of Hallownest after the spread of The Infection. This is a general overview of how you can progress in Hollow Knight, so we have not mentioned the exact locations and how to unlock these areas to make it more fun for you to find and keep this guide spoiler free. White Palace is a Location in Hollow Knight. AreaĪbility unlocked after defeating the boss Here is a list of areas in Hollow Knight that you should consider exploring, in chronological order, to progress further into the game. Defeat this boss to get your hands on your very first essence.Įvery area in Hollow Knight has a boss of its own that gives an ability once you defeat it. At the Forgotten Crossroads you will also come across the False Knight boss. You will find numerous paths in this area – revealing more and more content that adds to the story. Players begin their journey in the Forgotten Crossroads. In between the caverns, you will meet some new enemies and you may find some charms as well which we will not be getting into to keep this guide spoiler free. This charm shows you the exact location where you are on the map. For example: Maps provide you with information, however, to properly use these maps you need different items, like the “Quill,” that help you mark the locations that you’ve been to, whenever you sit on a bench.Īnother important item to get your hands on is the Compass. Secondly, you should consider getting your hands on items from the shop that equip you with different perks, helping you explore more effectively. Honestly, what is a Metroidvania without a solid map system? Hollow Knight’s deep caverns are quite overwhelming, so having a map can be really beneficial. He will sell you a map of the location that you are in. Hollow Knight Area Progression Guide Hollow Knight Map Progression Guideīefore we get started on this Hollow Knight progression guide, you should find Cornifer. Allows you to add frames, motion clips, pivot an object and play/pause or stop the movie.The interface has been equipped with a menu bar, various different buttons and various different panes to display the information and the object you are currently working on.Got a professional looking user interface.Provides you a very wide array of animations from short movies tot he complex architectural as well as scientific simulations.An impressive application that allows you to create, edit as well as animate 3D objects and characters.You can also download Cinema 4D Studio R20.īelow are some noticeable features which you’ll experience after Cinema 4D R14 free download. All in all Cinema 4D R14 is an imposing application that allows you to create, edit as well as animate 3D objects and characters. You are allowed to save the objects to hard drive by using a BMP, PICT, PNG, RLA or TIFF format. You can also add bookmarks and tags and can also be managed. It has been equipped with 2D and 3D snapping and it allows you to add frames, motion clips, pivot an object and play/pause or stop the movie. The interface has been equipped with a menu bar, various different buttons and various different panes to display the information and the object you are currently working on. You can also download V-Ray for Cinema 4D 2018.Ĭinema 4D R14 has got an installation process which will take some time to complete and once it is completed you are greeted with a professional looking interface. With this application the graphic designers can consider this application to be a great starting point into the 3D graphics manipulation world. It provides you a very wide array of animations from short movies tot he complex architectural as well as scientific simulations. Cinema 4D R14 32 / 64 Bit OverviewĬinema 4D R14 is an impressive application that allows you to create, edit as well as animate 3D objects and characters. It is full offline installer standalone setup of Cinema 4D R14. CPU with at least SSE 4.Cinema 4D R14 32 / 64 Bit Free Download Latest Version for Windows.Technical Details and System Requirements Support for third-party plugins like X-Particles and Turbulence FD.Team Render, including single-frame distributed rendering.Deferred, render time generation of geometry with the Arnold procedural node.A comprehensive list of shaders and utilities, including vertex maps and per-face materials.Arnold Shading Network Editor, a node-based material editor.The fastest interactive rendering (IPR) of all Arnold plugins allows a quick preview of parameter changes without interrupting your work.Support for both native particles and Thinking Particles. Seamless integration with C4D: objects (instances, cloners, deformers, generators), MoGraph geometry, hair, and splines.Overview of Arnold for Cinema 4D Features Solid Angle SL is the technology company behind the Arnold rendering software, with offices in Madrid and London and customers worldwide, including Framestore, DreamWorks, ILM, Sony Pictures Imageworks, MPC, The Mill, Mikros Image, and Rising Sun Pictures.Īrnold was designed from the ground up to efficiently ray trace the complex geometric datasets required for feature-length CGI animation and big budget visual effects while at the same time simplifying the pipeline, reducing the number of passes, minimizing storage requirements, and greatly enhancing interactivity for lighting artists. Other features include volume rendering with OpenVDB, a node-based material editor, and a comprehensive list of shaders and utilities, including vertex maps and per-face materials. Third-party plugins TurbulenceFD and X-Particles are natively supported, allowing artists to render high-quality smoke, fire, and particle effects with fully interactive feedback. It also supports animation and single-frame distributed rendering in Team Render, allowing all computers in a local network to speed up Arnold rendering. Overview of Arnold for Cinema 4D Benefits Free Download Solid Angle Arnold for Cinema 4D (Arnold for C4D) full version standalone offline installer for Windows, C4DtoA) provides a bridge to the Arnold renderer within the standard Cinema 4D interface. The fix in the p.adjust function was to use a cumulative min so that the rejection of null hypotheses will be the same as specified in the original paper. This could result in not calling all hypothesis as significant, as specified in the BH procedure to reject all H(i), from i = 1. q is not necessarily monotonic as you get to larger p-values. Normally you just reject all null hypotheses that have q less than some value. Welch Modified Two-Sample t-Test data: Summarized x and y t -1.5088, df 22.126, p-value 0.1455 alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0 95 percent confidence interval: -1.7154745 0.2702718 sample estimates: mean of x mean of y 4.467875 5.190476. high) which had 0.05 making the equation become S i d 1 ( 1 0.05) 1 3 0.0170. In the current example there are 3 groups being compared (placebo vs. I was hoping someone might have some R code or at least give some guidance on how to generate a dataset in R to demonstrate the multiple comparisons problem. Note that, as you point out, q = P(i) / (i / m) is basically the equivalent of an "adjusted p-value" for the BH procedure. This method is common because it is pretty fast to calculate, the formula is S i d 1 ( 1 ) 1 Number of groups. However, I was having trouble trying to simulate some data in R to demonstrate the problem with multiple comparisons. Where P(i) is the i'th smallest p-value in your vector, H(i) is the i'th hypothesis, m is the number of tests, and q^* is the the desired false discovery rate. Let k be the largest i for which P(i) <= i/m * q^* The original BH procedure ( ) doesn't actually specify an adjusted p-value corresponding to each p-value, rather it specifies a criterion to reject the null hypothesis: It is intended to control the family-wise error rate (FWER) and offers a simple test uniformly more powerful than the Bonferroni correction. I thought I could add a line of code in the same loop. 12b345b6b78 thank you for the explanation. What you're observing is a by product of the p.adjust package using a cumulative min when you specify the BH procedure. Applying the Bonferroni correction might be easiest if you explicitly saved (or appended to a vector, in a for loop) the respective p-values as a separate data structure 12b345b6b78. You can see the exact calculations performed by p.adjust by simply typing "p.adjust" without parentheses into the R terminal. If you had more p-values that were not as highly similar, the results would generate different "adjusted p-values" from the "BH" method. TL DR There is nothing wrong with the output from the p.adjust function using the "BH" method. |
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